The opening torque on containers fitted with child-resistant closures (CRCs) is measured with a semi-automated Vortex-d motorised torque tester with a top-load capability for applying set loads during torque testing. The Vortex-d has been fitted with pneumatic actuators to clamp the bottle cap and raise and lower the top-load weights.  The Vortex-d has been superceded by the Vortex-dV.